All institutions in the UK have procedures in place for the handling of appeals against academic decisions, other student complaints and disciplinary matters generally.
Academic appeal processes will usually include at least two stages: the first should be carried out as near to the point of impact as possible (eg the head of department or the exams office), and if an issue cannot be resolved, then a second stage is likely which will become increasingly formalised and may involve a panel or tribunal. Academic appeals are usually the responsibility of the academic board or senate. Student complaints and disciplinary procedures are usually dealt with in a similar way, in many cases by the registrar or clerk.
In some institutions individual governors may be expected to take part in the final stage of student disciplinary or grievance procedures.
Since 2004, students in England and 
Wales have had the right to appeal to the Office of the Independent Adjudicator for Higher Education, the OIA, if they are not satisfied by the outcome of the internal process. In most cases the OIA will review the institution’s handling of the process, and whether procedures have been properly applied, rather than conducting its own investigation. 
The Scottish Public Services Ombudsman (SPSO) has this role in Scotland.
IDRAS has developed some resources for governors relating to dispute resolution.